Internal-combustion engine.



o. oHLssoN. l INTERNAL GQMBUSTION BNGIBIPLV l APPLIOATION'FILLjD SEPT. 24, 1908.

980,552.` PantedJans-JQH.

oLorOHLssoN, .oirsnnn'rnmia mrnnnancoivius'rion ENGINE.

To all whom 'it may concern" y Y 'Be il known thati, OLOF OHiLssoN, a sub- 'ject of the King ofSweden, and resident of Skogsgatan 3, Sdertelje, in the Kingdom of Sweden,have invented certain new and useful.- Improvements in Internal-Combus tion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

In, petroleum `engines hitherto `used and provided.with a fuel, pump, the petroleum generally is introduced into a special part o f t-he working chamber, generally called eXplosionch'amber, igniting chamber, ligniting ball or the like in ordergto'beyaporized and Aignited in the same.v "Experience has shown, that the whole quantity of petroleum introducedfis vnot burned `satisfactorily, but a greater or less part of thesame escapes into the atmosphere -with 'the combustion gases. This is due partlyto an incomplete vaporization ofthe petroleum in the eXplosion chamber, partly to the fact thatv the petroleum is not vaporized quickly enough during the period, is shortly measured, or

- is not mixed vwith or does not come incontact with the quantity of pure air necessary for the complete combustionofthe gas. It has been proposed to remove the said disadvantage by feeding the petroleum directly into the air in the cylinder chamber or the explosion chamber, but this operation is possible only if a very high compression of the air is eected, causing a temperature which is considerably higher than the igniting temperature, as the petroleum fed into the air refrigerates in a. rather considerable manner the air, with which it is first' brought in contact; the evaporating process being thereby delayed. A very high compression of the air involves, however, as is easily understood, a considerable risk and affects the durability of the motor, to which must be added the fact that the igniting chamber, which is strongly heated, causes a considerable radiation of heat, which results in the loss of fuel and a disagreeable heating of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinityl of the motor. I

This invention relates to an arrangement', which removes the disadvantages,v mentioned above, in a simple and practical manner. This is effected by feeding the petroleum into the explosion chamber in such a manner, that the particles are not left to themselves but are compelled to follow a metallic guid- Specication of Letters Patent. Application filed September 24, 1 908. f SeriaLNo. 454,628.

f ,Patented aan. 3, 1911.

ing surface, on `whichthe evaporating operation is effected. For this purpose the channel, through which the petroleum is forced into the motor, is adapted to direct the said particles of 'petroleum upon the said surface around a central projection to be hereinafter more fully referred to, said channel having a straight or oblique direction toward the center of the chamber. `Owing to the said arrangement the petroleum particles `will follow the guiding surface, as long as they have not been vaporized, and during their passage they arrive at parts of the surface'that are of higher and still higher temperature. OW- ing to the said fact the evaporating process is effected successively, because the articles .will pass farther on the surface, tie more difficult they are to evaporate, and alsothe mixing of the gas with the compressed air in contact with the surface is facilitated, because the mixing operation is distributed on the. surrounding aircover, as the evaporat ing process proceeds along the distributing surface. In order to increase the said effect the surface is enlarged by. being curve shaped and, as for the hottest part, it is located in the center, by there consisting of a central projection, which points toward the pistoni and is provided in the working or .explosion'chamber, facing the piston. The ,',arraiigement is adapted preferably to two ,stroke motors but may be applied also in motors operating in another manner.

VIn the accompanying drawing Figure l is a longitudinal section of the device. Fig. 2 is a section on the line -g/ of Fig. 1. Fig. '3 shows by means of arrows the way of the petroleum particles.

The piston 2 reciprocates in the cylinder l andfis ,connected with the shaft in the usual Voir-some new manner, not illustrated in the drawing. Compressed air passes into the cylinder through the channel 3, when the piston is in its lower position, and the combustion gases are expelled through the chan-- nel 4. In `the end wall of the explosion chamber '5,facing the piston, a central projection (5 is providedv having the shape of a cone, the tip of which, more or less rounded, is directed toward the pist-on. The traiisition from the wider part of the end wall to the projection 6 consists of a surface ycurve shaped in axial section, the outermost part of which is directed downward. The channel 7 through which the liquid fuel is forced into the motor, connects with the said chamber 5. The said channel is locatedat the periphery of the chamberiand has in the vsection vjust mentioned, a tangential' or substantially tangential directiontc the spreading surface. The projection 6, which preferably extends for some distance below the center of the chamber 5, may be made in tegral with the walls ofthe chamber, as

. shown in the drawing, ori may be madey 0f.

any suitable materialandxed tojthe saidjf:

walls of the chamber.' The vchamberf5 is contracted conically toward the piston,subst an tially in the same' degree as the projection 6, so that-the air, contamed in the chamber, is also of a conical form, forming around'the projection a case, the'capacity of which per unit of length increases' toward thebottom of the chamber.

In order that the temperature of the walls of the explosion chamber .ma be kept as uniform as possible an outer' jacket 8 isprof vided in the same, extending; around the chamber and filled with water, :and a similar inner jacket 9, filled with air. Owing to the said arrangement an insulating water jacket is provided nearest to the outer side andan air jacket, which isinclosed by the water jacket and also has an'insulating effect.

Owing to this arrangement radiation of heat from the chamber is largely prevented.

The lquantity of petroleum, controlled `by the regulator for each stroke of the piston with regard to the necessary amount of power, is forced through the channel 7 byya suitable pump. The part of the said channel .7 situated nearest to the inner part of the explosion chamber, is contracted to a very narrow mouthpiece The petroleum is' forced into the chamber very rapidly and immediately before the vend of the compression. 'Owing to the factl that the mouth piece has an oblique position upward, the

petroleum jet will pass'along the inner sid i of the cup-shaped end wall of the chamber but changes its course, owing to the curve shape of the end wall, shown in Fig. 1, first slowly along the strai ht orslightly concave part a,-b of the sur' against the ring shaped part b-c' of the surface,'which part has a shorter radius and is' curved outward in its horizontal section, the

4jet then continuing-along the side of the projection 6 to a point situated at a shorter or greater distance from the tip of the same.

Owing to the fact that theprojection 6,is situated in the center ofthe explosion 'chain-I ber and there effects a forcible combustion of the fuel, the temperature of the said fuel will be higher thanthat of the outer wall 0f the chamber.. The'object of the projection is to concentratethe petroleum particles that are hardest to evaporate vtowa'rd'the center of the chamber and there to cause the same .to evaporate after having been heated, and

to cause the gas to ignite instantaneously the ace and then rapidly after the whole quantity, of petroleum, whichhas beem forced into the chamber and situated inthe center of the'cone of compressed air hase'vaporated. Owing to th'esaid facts theairfisfsaturate'd with gas almost instan-Y tan` o1'1-'fily,1l which results in avery rapid and complete combustion.'

Accord'ng'- to experiments made, the pe trole'iniii,particles may advantageously pass -frst j along" a guiding 'surface, which11s con- *caveoljf curved inward, which surface keeps already has mixed with the air case. Only' one inlet channel 7 is shown inthe drawing but two or more channels maybe used, distributed along the periphery ofthe chamber and located in or substantially in the same horizontal plane. The rnouth of the channel may be situated nearer to the proj ection 6, at the point b for instance, but the channel may more advantageously end at the extension 1"-6' of the spreading surface,

formed by the projection, asshown in Fig. 1. In order that' no evaporation may be e `fected in the channel, 1t is surrounded by the water jacket 8.

The capacity of the explosion chamber, characterized by its' contracted shape, isso adapted, that thepis'tonf can pass right to or substantially right tothesame, z'. e'so that the chamber can -contain the whole or substantially the whole quantity of compressed air necessary for the charge. Owing to the ioo previous combustion the wall of the chamber I* is heated to a very high degree, which still more is the case with the projection 6, especially the tip of the' same. Owing to the said fact also the temperature of the compressed `air case inclosed 1n the chamber is higher at its inner side than at itsouter side. The said fact is utilized for the evaporating process by the fuel beingiutroduced between -the said inner side and the metallic guiding Asurface and is so spread, that the evaporating process is distributed around the said surface, as described'above. The ignition and a complete combustion are effected at the very instant when the evaporation-has taken place, a suicient'quantity of pure air being present in the immediate viclnity of the gas. The described shape of the guiding eso,

surface formed by the projection 6 has been found to be especially effective, 'but may then closed by means o valves or the like,

not shown in the drawing.-

Having now described my invention, Yvllaf' I claim as new and desire ters Patent 1s:

' l; In internal' combustion engines, the

to secure bym-:Let-

combination of acylinder, a piston reciprocating therein, an explosive chamber at one end ofthe cylinder having an inlet opening terminating at the end wall thereof, a central projectionon -the end wall of said chamber and directed toward the piston, said in#- let opening leading the fuel to the base of the projection in amanner adapted to spread' it on the same for the evaporation and ignition thereof.

, 2.V In internal combustion Y engines, the combination of a cylinder, a'piston reciprocating therein, an explosive chamber` atl one end of the cylinder having an inlet openingA terminating at. the'endwall thereof, a central projection on the end wall of said chamber and directed toward the piston, .a curve ,shaped transitional surface between the base of such projection and the Wider part of the end wall surrounding the same, said inlet opening leading the fuel to the base ofthe projection in a manner adapted to spread it on the saine for, the evaporation and-ignition thereof. v a

3. In internal .combustion engines, the combination of a cylinder, a piston reciprocating therein, an explosive chamber at one end .of the cylinder having an inlet opening terminating at the end wall thereof, a central projection on the end wall of said chamber and directed toward the piston, and alsorth. An

tapering toward the same, said inlet opening leading the fuel to theloase of the projection in a manner adapted to spread it on the same for the evaporation and ignition thereof. A

. 4. In internalY combustion engines, the combinatioff a cylinder, a piston recipro- .at one end of the cylinder, a central pfojection on the end of said chamberl directed toward the piston, said chamber having an in- ;let opening for liquid fuel adapted forV directingthefsame to the said projection, a

" Water jaclnetA and an air -jacketg around the said chamberfthe water outside the air jacket. g

5. In -internal combustion'V j aclret bnglocated eating in the same, an explosion chamber at' -one'endof said cylinder and directed toward one end offsaid cylinder, acentral projection ward the piston and tapering toward its free end, `a transitional surface provided around the projection between the same and the inhaving aninlet channel for the li uid` fuel meeting the said surfacev tangentia ly.

In witness whereof, Iv have hereunto 'signed my name Yin the presence of two subscribing witnesses. j

' 1 f OLOF OHLSSON. Witnesses: 1 HJALMAR ZETTERSTRM,

ROBERT APELGREN.

eating lin the same and an explosive chamberv eating in' the same, anl explosionV chamber at on the end 4wall vof said chamber directed to-4 nef side Vofthe chamber, the said'surfa'ce beingconcaye 1n axial section, said chambernginelflfthe l .combination of a cylinder, a piston reci-prod the piston, a centralprojectiononthe end of`V` Y 

